Mumbai, March 21: A recent report from Azim Premji University highlights a concerning trend among India’s youth as they abandon agriculture for urban jobs, only to face challenges in securing stable employment and adequate wages. The report, titled ‘State of Working India 2026,’ reveals that the share of young individuals aged 20-29 in agriculture has plummeted from 56% in 1983 to just 27% in 2023.
As the youth migrate to cities in search of better job opportunities and lifestyles, they are met with fierce competition, a lack of skills, and a weak job market. Despite the rapid expansion of skill development programs, particularly in Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), many new institutions fail to meet national standards. Currently, there are over 15,000 ITIs in the country, yet industries continue to struggle to find skilled workers.
Traditionally, ITIs were established near cities and industrial hubs to facilitate direct job placements after training. However, the trend has shifted, with 70% of new ITIs opening in rural areas, where training is conducted. In contrast, 66% of factories are located in urban centers, creating a mismatch between skill development and job availability.
The report also notes an increase in women’s participation in the workforce, primarily through unpaid family work or small-scale self-employment, which lacks stability and recognition. As a result, educated women in cities are increasingly turning to gig work or online platforms to balance job responsibilities with household duties. While these options offer flexibility, they do not provide job security or stability.
Furthermore, the data reveals that less than 7% of graduates secure permanent employment within a year, with only 4% of those who completed 12th grade achieving the same. The situation is even more dire for white-collar jobs, with only 3.7% of graduates and 1.5% of 12th pass youths landing such positions.
The report concludes that skill development alone will not resolve the employment crisis. Without a significant increase in secure job opportunities, the youth population will remain trapped in low-productivity work.