Mumbai, October 1: The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has released a new social science textbook for Class 9 titled “Understanding Society: India and Beyond – Part 2” on Tuesday. The updated syllabus has removed several chapters and included narratives of Indian rulers’ struggles and the valor of queens. The book claims that India faced invasions from the 7th century due to religious reasons.
Four Topics Removed
The previous Class 9 syllabus included European subjects such as the French Revolution, Russian Revolution, socialism in Europe, and the rise of Nazism. These chapters have been largely omitted or revised in the new textbook, which now emphasizes India’s medieval history.
Seven New Topics Added
1. Stories of Attacks by Arab, Turkish, Mughal, and European Armies
The new chapter titled “Resistance and Resilience” details the invasions faced by Indian rulers and communities from Arab, Turkish, Mughal, and European forces.
2. Inclusion of Rajputs, Ahom, Vijayanagar Empire, and Marathas
The textbook includes stories of resistance from Rajputs, the Ahom Empire, the Vijayanagar Empire, Marathas, Sikhs, and Jats, highlighting figures like Maharana Pratap and Lachit Borphukan.
3. Mention of Mahmud of Ghazni’s First Attack
The book references Mahmud of Ghazni’s initial invasion of India in 1001 against the Hindu Shahi ruler Jayapala.
4. Inclusion of Sikh Martyrdom
The textbook elaborates on Sikh resistance and the martyrdom of Guru Arjun Dev and Guru Tegh Bahadur, detailing the Mughal state’s increasing interference in Sikh affairs.
5. Queen Nayaki Devi of the Chalukya Dynasty
The struggles of Queen Nayaki Devi and Rani Abbakka Chowta against early invaders are documented, showcasing their resistance in regions like the Deccan and Rajasthan.
6. Historical Context of Devi Worship
The book discusses the ancient tradition of worshipping goddesses in India, emphasizing their role as protectors during battles.
7. Tax Policies and Religious Policies
The textbook also addresses the Jat rebellion led by Gokul Jat in 1669 against heavy taxation and Aurangzeb’s religious policies.
Critics argue that the new book shifts the focus from a narrative of cooperation and cultural amalgamation to one of invasion and resistance. This syllabus update comes six months after the start of the new academic session, with the first part released in June.